Drug Abuse Problems Essay Example For Students

Medication Abuse Problems Essay The United States of America has been battling with unfavorable social and financial impacts of the medication misuse, to be specific of heroin, since the establishment of this nation. Our underlying endeavor to ban heroin with the Harrison Narcotic Demonstration of 1914 brought about the U.S. having the most noticeably terrible heroin issue on the planet (Tooley 540). Despite the fact that the authoritative activities with respect to heroin until now created inauspicious outcomes that once in a while influenced any people other than the fanatic and their family, the late twentieth century carries ascend to the ever-encroaching A few needle trade programs supported by strict associations in Australia have detailed no new HIV contaminations coming about because of needle sharing in the course of recent years (Fuller 9). Open wellbeing bunches in the United States are quickly starting to acknowledge the viability of needle trade programs. The 113 needle trade programs that are at present working all through the United States (Bowdy 26) are a consequence of this acknowledgment. These projects generally are set up to bolster needle trade more so than needle dispersion (Fuller 10). Many needle trade programs have been started by recouping addicts who comprehend the real factors of enslavement and the expected damage of needle sharing (Fuller 9). Maybe addicts feel increasingly great taking exhortation from somebody whom has been there and recognizes what they are experiencing. Social association between the junkie and program is very basic. Program customers are approached to give their old infusion hardware in return for new materials and recognizable proof cards gave by certain projects, permitting the clients to convey their infusion hardware anyplace (Loconte 20), decreasing the need to share needles. Volunteers monitor old needles gathered and clean ones given out with a coding framework that permits members to remain unknown (Green 15). In contrast to a portion of their European partners, needle trade programs in the U.S. try not to advocate the utilization of candy machines to administer hypodermic needles (Fuller 10). American projects comprehend the grave significance of customary contact between the someone who is addicted and caring citizenry who educate addicts about different roads regarding human services and recuperation during each visit (Fuller 10). The associate chief of the Adult Clinical AIDS Program at Boston Medical Center, Jon Fuller, feels that this personal methodology by American programs passes on a ground-breaking message to addicts that their lives and prosperity are as yet esteemed by the network notwithstanding their failure to break the pattern of addictive conduct (10). Addicts who can not remain clean or get conceded into a medication treatment program ought to be urged to take the essential safety measures to perform safe infusions and not put others in danger because of their propensity (Glantz 1078). From 1981 to 1997, sedate related HIV cases in the United States rose from 1 to 31 percent excluding newborn children and sexual accomplices tainted by the client (Fuller 9). With sullied needles tainting 33 Americans with HIV day by day (Fuller 11), it was inevitable before a top to bottom examination of the medication related AIDS pestilence was made. More far reaching research with respect to the viability of needle trade programs is important to give the premise to making appropriate authoritative choices. Lebanon: A Globe-trotters Guide Essay The restriction right now keeping government assets from being distributed to bolster needle trade programs in the U.S. extraordinarily reduces the methods important to build up and work a compelling needle trade program. President Clinton at first arranged .

Succubus Heat CHAPTER 10 Free Essays

string(47) somewhat north of it, the traffic cleared up. Dante quickly dropped after sex soon thereafter, however I remained wakeful for some time. Turning over finally, I turned my back to him and gazed at my bedside table. I’d set Seth’s book there, and now its spine gazed out at me, similar to we were having a confrontation to see who might turn away first. We will compose a custom exposition test on Succubus Heat CHAPTER 10 or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now Seth had offered it to me as a blessing, perhaps a harmony offering, yet I feared it, scared of how I may feel on the off chance that I opened it. Following ten minutes of gazing, I at last went after the book and hurried nearer to the bed’s edge so I could get all the more light from my small understanding light. Twisting onto my side, I took a full breath and opened up All Fools Night . First came the cover sheet, at that point the devotion: For my niece Brandy, who longs for incredible things and will accomplish more noteworthy ones still . It was humiliating, however I had nearly for a second estimated whether he may have devoted the book to me. He’d completed it directly around the time we previously began dating, however he’d been altering and rolling out little improvements until the time we separated. It was vanity, I assumed, to think there may be some indication of my time with Seth in the book. However, when I turned the page, I pondered. Prior to the main section, Seth consistently had a statement, something from a discourse or conceivably a stanza from a sonnet that was pertinent to the book. This was from a melody: Furthermore, in the event that I just could I’d make an arrangement with God Furthermore, I’d get Him to trade our places †â€Å"Running Up That Hill,† by Kate Bush I read the verses a few times, thinking about whether there was more to them or in the event that I simply needed there to be more to them. I’d heard the tune quite a while prior, and it had that poppy synth feel so basic to music during the 1980s. I didn’t review this specific part. At last, hauling my eyes away, I moved onto the core of the book. Prior to meeting Seth, I’d proportioned myself while perusing his books. I would just peruse five pages per day in light of the fact that I’d needed to delay the pleasantness of that first perusing. When something was great, it was anything but difficult to jump into it, and before you knew it, the second was no more. You’d consumed it. I encountered that too as often as possible in my long presence, and a severe perusing plan was a frail endeavor to back things off. At the point when I subsided into this book, however, I didn’t truly have an arrangement, and in a little while, I knew halting at five pages was incomprehensible. It was lovely. While he had a couple of self-standing books, this arrangement Cady and O’Neill-was his leader one. At its essential level, this was only a puzzle book, yet there was an awesome, expressive quality to Seth’s composing that raised him over the class ghetto. Of course, there was activity and a path of hints, however his characters were additionally advancing, continually developing in manners both magnificent and shocking. Seth had a method of portraying their emotions and their responses in a style that was so genuine, it resounded with my own life and left a throb in my chest. Regardless of whether that was for his specialty or for the man himself, I couldn’t state. It was just when Dante turned over that I’d acknowledged I’d been wheezing. â€Å"Are you crying, succubus?† â€Å"It’s this book,† I said. I had quite recently perused an area where Cady and O’Neill were having a significant discussion about existence, and O’Neill had remarked that all individuals were looking for both condemnation and absolution, requiring each to comprehend their reality. I was crying since it was valid and on the grounds that Seth had realized it was valid. â€Å"There are a great deal of things to cry about in this world,† Dante said through a yawn. â€Å"Not sure a book ought to be one of them.† The clock read 4 a.m. by that point, and my eyes were blurred from tears and a need to rest. I put down Seth’s book-which I was presently the greater part path through-and killed the light. Dante moved and tossed an arm around me, laying his jaw on my shoulder. His breathing developed substantial and customary, and in a little while, I went along with him in rest. The telephone woke me up at a wicked hour later in the first part of the day. Dante was gone as of now. I found that astounding, yet observing as he hadn’t gotten three hours of rest, it probably won't have been that a lot of a jump. â€Å"Hello?† Finding the telephone had been accomplishment enough, not to mention checking the guest ID. A distraught voice addressed me. â€Å"Georgina? This is Blake.† â€Å"Blake?† I didn’t think I knew any Blake. â€Å"Don’t disclose to me you disregarded us?† He articulated â€Å"about† as â€Å"aboot,† and it returned to me through my rest befuddled mind. â€Å"Oh, God. I’m sorry. Blake. From the Army.† Him calling me couldn’t be a decent sign. I sat up straighter in bed. â€Å"What’s going on?† â€Å"They’re accomplishing something today†¦I’m shouldn't tell anybody, yet I’m stressed. I don’t know a lot, then again, actually it’s big.† I was up and moving presently, garments and hair shape-moving as I strolled. â€Å"Do you have something else? A period or place?† â€Å"Not yet. Evan’s being extremely mysterious about what he’s letting us know. He says the Angel needs it to be a need-to-know-thing and that we won’t discover the subtleties until without a doubt the last minute.† â€Å"Fuck.† I presumed the Angel was attempting to restrict my insight also. Complimenting, however disappointing. â€Å"Okay, well, tune in, I’m in Seattle, however I’m jumping out and about this moment. I ought to be there in two hours.† â€Å"You can’t get up here in two hours,† he said warily. â€Å"I can on the off chance that I don’t drive the speed limit.† There was a touch of blockage inside the city itself, however once I got somewhat north of it, the traffic cleared up. You read Succubus Heat CHAPTER 10 in classification Paper models It was the regularly scheduled drive; everybody needed to get into Seattle. When I had clear parkway in front of me, I dialed Cedric. I knew he wasn’t going to like my absence of data, however thinking about how furious he’d been after last time, I needed to in any event make the endeavor here to keep myself in the clear. It was Kristin who replied. â€Å"He’s eating right now,† she let me know. â€Å"It’s sort of an extraordinary time for him. He doesn’t like to be disturbed.† There was an on edge tone to her voice, and I could nearly picture her masterminding a morning meal plate only so for him. â€Å"Yeah, well, he may be upset whether he enjoys it or not.† I mentioned to her what Blake had stated, and her reaction was like mine. â€Å"That’s all you’ve got?† â€Å"Their Angel’s chipping away at a need-to-know premise now,† I said sharply. â€Å"I’ll let you know more when I find out additional. I simply figured Cedric ought to know.† She murmured. â€Å"You’re right. Much obliged. Man, this is going to annoy him. He’ll have no craving at all.† I made the drive in the two hours I’d cited Blake and inexplicably didn’t get pulled over. I hadn’t got notification from him the whole time, so I dialed him once I was over the outskirt and purchasing espresso. I’d found a Starbucks and took a mystery thrill in resisting the Tim Hortons mastery. Except†¦once I had the espresso close by, I chose a doughnut would be great with it, so I strolled over and got one from the Tim’s over the road. Blake didn’t answer, so I attempted Evan next and furthermore found no solution. Baffled, I rolled over to Evan’s house and thumped on the entryway for some time. I was almost nearly moving in through a back window when my telephone rang once more and amusingly, it was Evan himself. â€Å"Georgina!† he shouted, sounding euphoric. â€Å"Where right? We need you here.† â€Å"Where are you ?† I requested. â€Å"On the perception deck,† he said. â€Å"Observation deck of what?† â€Å"The Space Needle. You live close by, don’t you?† I almost dropped the telephone. â€Å"You’re in Seattle ?† â€Å"Yeah!† I could impeccably picture that excited, ardent look of his. â€Å"Cool, huh? The Angel needed us to extend our message. In this way, we’re all up here with these flags that we’re going to spread out simultaneously, and afterward we’ve got a couple of more amazements to-â€Å" â€Å"Evan,† I asked, running toward my vehicle. â€Å"Don’t do it. You’re creating more mischief than you realize.† â€Å"That’s the point!† he laughed. â€Å"How long until you can be here?† When I revealed to him I wasn’t in the city, he lost intrigue, and my supplications got futile. When we detached, I dialed Cedric, hoping to get Kristin. Rather, I got his phone message. Some way or another, that drove me mad. â€Å"Cedric, this is Georgina. The Army isn’t doing their thing here-they’re down in Seattle at the present time. I trust you at long last trust I didn’t have anything to do with their inept plans now! At the point when Jerome discovers, it’s going to be my butt on the line, and knowing my karma, he’ll think you and I are working together.† Truly, this was one of those circumstances wherein there was no chance I could win. I would get in a difficult situation regardless of what I did, however once more, I needed to endeavor harm control. Jerome had a PDA that he never replied and didn’t even have voice message for. Hugh was the most ideal approach to get a grip of him-yet he didn’t get either. â€Å"Damn it!† I cried into his telephone. â€Å"Doesn’t

8 Ways Social Anxiety Changes the Way You Think

8 Ways Social Anxiety Changes the Way You Think Social anxiety disorder (SAD)  has a way of coloring every aspect of your existence. This tendency to fill in your life with shades of  gray, can be a self-fulfilling prophecy. If you perceive yourself, others and the world in a negative lightâ€"eventually what you perceive to be true becomes your reality.   It doesnt have to be that way, though. Below are eight ways that social anxiety changes the way you think about everything, and then some ways you can get back control and stop letting your anxiety take the reins. 1. How You Think About Yourself Research has shown that SAD is associated with high self-criticism and lower self-esteem.??  People with SAD  have a tendency to view themselves in a negative light. This type of thinking probably permeates every aspect of your life.   You probably have thoughts like, I look stupid I am making a fool of myself Everyone is looking at me I cant control my anxiety And on, and on.   These types of negative thoughts influence how you feel about yourself and ultimately, the choices that you make for yourself. How Thoughts and Values May Affect Your Anxiety 2. How You Think About Others When you view others in a fearful light, how does this color your perceptions of them? Rather than viewing new people that you meet as potential friends, you probably respond to them with fear and detachment. As the lyrics to the Doors song go, People are strange, when youre a stranger Faces look ugly, when youre alone Women seem wicked, when youre unwanted Streets are uneven, when youre down. It can be hard if you have SAD to see the world as non-anxious people do. How do they see it? They see strangers as potential new friends.They see friends as confidants, companionship  and comfort.And they see people in general as welcoming, non-judgmental  and just-darn friendly. Unfortunately, how you view others can influence how they treat you. If you are fearful of strangers, they will turn away. If you remain guarded with friends, they may eventually distance themselves. And if you view every person you meet as judgmental, disinterested  and unfriendlyâ€"your body language will reflect how you feel. Soon, the people you encounter become what you thought them to be, but only to you. The Circus Mirror Effect: Social Anxiety and Friendships 3. How You See the World Stop for a moment. How do you view the world? Do you see it as filled with opportunity or a place to be avoided? Those with SAD have a tendency to narrow their worlds. This narrowing might occur in the context of your home (you might leave home less often), your friends (choosing to have little or no friends), your work (choosing work that allows you to avoid social or performance situations), etc. You narrow your world because that feels safer to you. But what is the cost of this narrowing? Again, it is a loss of opportunity. One day you might wake up with few days left, and wonder why you didnt take more chances.   A chalkboard was set up in New York City for passers-by to write down their biggest regret in life. The common theme that emerged was of the things that were not  done, not  said, not tried. Whats Your Biggest Regret? You still have time, and you can still try. 4. How You View the Future Social anxiety disorder is associated with a risk for depression.?? Those who have both SAD and depression may feel clouded about their future. Depression makes you feel as though things will never change and never improve. This means that if you have both social anxiety disorder and depression, you might feel like things will never get better for you. You probably assume that social anxiety is your lot in life, and that there is nothing you can do about it. This narrowing of your future will leave you feeling bleak and without hope.   The Link Between Social Anxiety Disorder and Depression 5. How You View the Past In a study of negative autobiographical memories in 107 participants with SAD compared to those with panic disorder and healthy controls, it was found that memories related to social anxiety were viewed as central to ones identity among those with SAD.?? This suggests that past negative social events have played a role in the development of your social anxiety. Think for a moment. Do you remember defining moments from your past that formed the line between yourself with and without extreme social anxiety? For example, performer Barbra Streisand had a moment on stage where she forgot the lyrics to the song she was singing. She didnt sing onstage for decades afterward, as that one incident had colored her vision of herself. In essence, a past event defined her social anxiety. People with SAD tend to dwell on past mistakesâ€"so not only will a major bad past experience haunt you, but every minor mistake you make will also eat away at your self-esteem and confidence. But, it doesnt have to be that way. You dont have to live your life today based on what has happened in the past. 6. How You View the Present When you are caught in a panic attack, it can be hard to think of anything else. Imagine you are sitting in class waiting for your turn to give a presentation. Are you able to smile and chat with your classmates? Do you feel relaxed and open to others? Is your mind clear and sharp? Chances are that none of these are true. You see, social anxiety uses up your cognitive (thinking) resources. Every panic attack that you have is zapping you of your mental strength. Wouldnt you rather have that mental energy to devote to other areas of your life? You dont have to live with panic attacks in social and performance situations no matter how devastating they might feel. 7. How You View Spirituality Beyond simple religion, spirituality refers to your ability to think beyond your immediate world in a transcendent way. What is this meaning of your life? Why are we all here?   What is your lifes greater purpose? Do you believe in forces outside of the world that you can see? If you are constantly bombarded with social anxiety, it will be difficult to move away from dealing with basic survival needs toward more existential thoughts. While not everyone will desire to search for a greater purpose to life, most would like to at least have the option to do so. How Spirituality Can Improve Your Mental Health 8. How You View Opportunity What has been the common theme surrounding how social anxiety changes the way that you think?   It seems to be lost opportunities. When you suffer with SAD, you view opportunity as fraught with potential disaster. Or, you might not even see opportunities at all when you look out into the world. Your goal should be to seek out opportunity, to recognize the opportunities that are all around you, and to feel grateful that you have the opportunities that you do. Social Anxiety Disorder and Employment Steps to Stop Social Anxiety From Coloring Your Thoughts Now that you know how social anxiety is influencing your thoughts, what can be done about it?   Below are some ideas to help you take back control of your perceptions and ways of relating to yourself, others, and the world around you. Take a social skills training program to boost your confidence and self-esteem.Imagine strangers as potential friends. Visualize yourself having that person as a friend in your life many years later.Write down all your biggest regrets. Now cross those out or erase them and write the words Clean Slate. Then get out and do something about your regrets.If you are also suffering with depression, seek help. Depression is a treatable illness; you dont have to feel the way that you do.Identify major past events that may have triggered your social anxiety. Schedule time with a therapist to work through how those events have affected you and how you can move past them.If panic attacks are making daily life miserable, make an appointment with your doctor to discuss medication options. You could even receive a referral for cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT).Dont wait for your social anxiety to be under control to follow spiritual pursuits. Practices like meditation and yoga are good both for yo ur search for meaning and your social anxiety.Identify one opportunity in your life that you have avoided, or look for a new opportunity that could prove to have significant benefits for you if only you had the courage to try. Then go out and take advantage of  it The 7 Best Online Anxiety Support Groups

How To Make a Dry Ice Balloon

You usually blow up balloons with air or helium, but did you know you can get a balloon to inflate itself using dry ice? Carbon dioxide is heavier than air, so dry ice balloons will rest on a surface rather than float. Heres how you perform this simple science project: Materials BalloonsDry Ice PelletsFunnel (optional) Its easiest to work with a funnel because it holds the neck of the balloon open. If you are working with dry ice pellets, you may find it easier to break or crush them so you can pour them into the balloon. However, if you wear gloves, its pretty simple to do this project with just your hands and a balloon. If you have a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher, you can even make dry ice yourself. Directions Hold open the mouth of the balloon.Place or pour dry ice into the balloon.Tie off the balloon so that the gas wont escape.The balloon will inflate as you watch. Youll see water freeze on the outside of the balloon where the dry ice is cooling the air across the surface of the latex. How much the balloon inflates depends on how much dry ice you added. A small amount of dry ice will slightly inflate the balloon, while a large amount ultimately will make it pop. How It Works Dry ice is the solid form of carbon dioxide. At normal atmospheric pressure, dry ice sublimates from a solid directly into a gas. As the gas warms, it expands. Carbon dioxide is denser than air, so if you drop a dry ice balloon, it will fall to the ground rather than float like a helium balloon. Dry Ice Safety Dry ice is cold enough that it can give you frostbite after a very brief exposure. Its best to wear gloves for this project and to let the balloon inflate on a countertop and not in your hand. Also, dont eat the dry ice. Keep it away from children and pets.

There Are Many Ways That Have Been Proven To Help In...

There are many ways that have been proven to help in preventing cardiovascular diseases; certain exercises and foods in particular. The American Heart Association gives a breakdown, of what you and should be doing to help prevent heart disease, depending on your age. They clearly state, no matter what your age is, you should be eating a healthy diet; this includes, eating a diet low in sodium, saturated fat, and trans fat. Sodium is the salt added into your food. Foods high in sodium are chips, table salt, crackers, pickles, sauces, dressings, and canned foods. Saturated fat is a molecule that has no double bonds, which makes it â€Å"stackable† and is considered an unhealthy fat. Foods high in saturated fat are; fatty beef, poultry (with†¦show more content†¦Exercise is another key to maintain a healthy heart and cardiovascular system. The American Heart Association recommends 150-minutes of moderate-intensity, aerobic, physical activity, or 75-minutes of vigorous-in tensity, aerobic, physical activity. To stave off boredom, it’s suggested to do a combination of both types of exercise throughout the week (American Heart Association, 2017). Aerobic physical activity is described as, â€Å"Exercise with oxygen.† During this type of exercise, the body, more specifically the heart, is working hard to pump oxygenated blood from the heart to the muscles throughout your body (another name for this type of exercise is cardio-exercise). Specific examples of aerobic exercise are; cardio machines, walking, jogging, running, swimming, hiking, and even dancing. The intensity of the exercise depends on how fast and how long the exercise is consistently maintained over a period of time (Weil, n.d.). Strength training actives, such as; lifting weights and utilizing muscle-strengthening machines, may be effective in preventing cardiovascular disease, as well. The American Heart Association recommends older adults do muscle-strengthening actives at least two times a week (especially for those individuals who are at a greater genetic disposition forShow MoreRelatedWhy Vaccination Is Necessary For Our Public Health And Public Safety ( Plotkin 1-15 )1323 Words   |  6 Pagesvaccines, to possibility cure or remove a disease. However, there are many concerns when it comes to vaccinations; are they okay for the body and/or will vaccines cause our bodies harm? Or are vaccines okay to get, and do they work? State laws are pushing to make vaccines a requirement. Because of these laws being passed, many argue that they are being forced in getting their children vaccinated. People should be able to have the freedom to choose if they want their children to be vaccinated or notRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1057 Words   |  5 Pagesuses a hefty sum of money to regulate drug use and to enforce laws passed to protect society from the threats of certain drugs. Some debate that the fight against drugs is not needed and that society has already lost the war on drugs and the only way to answer the problem is to terminate most of the fighting altogether by decriminalizing the use of marijuana. William Buckley says, Pot is harmful, but people should not go to jail for smoking it (Buckley). Buckley was a college professor at ColumbianRead MoreBanning Designer Babies : An Experimental Technique1236 Words   |  5 Pagesyears the discussion on designer babies has been up surging and is now at the forefront of many medical and academic discussions. An experimental technique, known as gene therapy, birthed the idea of designer babies (â€Å"Gene Therapy†. GHF). This very experimental technique, why, uses healthy genes to treat, or rather prevent diseases that co uld be passed down from parent to child. However, scientists have ventured to further expound on the concept of preventing disease to a more cosmetic and superficialRead MoreDesigner Babies : An Experimental Technique1220 Words   |  5 PagesFor years the discussion on designer babies has been upsurging and is now at the forefront of many medical and academic discussions. An experimental technique, known as gene therapy, birthed the idea of designer babies. This very experimental technique, y, uses healthy genes to treat, or rather prevent diseases that could be passed down from parent to child. However, scientists have ventured to further expound on the concept of preventing disease to a more cosmetic and superficial approach. The moreRead MoreBenefits Of Learning About Ones Culture1292 Words   |  6 Pagesbetween people. 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With this in mind, sex education provides preparedness, answers questions, and creates awareness. To begin with, sex education creates the state of readiness. One way it proves this is with preventing pregnancies. The article â€Å"Effective Sex Education† by Brigid McKeon states, â€Å"Though the teen birth rate has declined to its lowest levels since data collection began, the United States still has the highest teen birth rate.† The aboveRead MoreExercise : How Exercise Improves Your Mood1722 Words   |  7 Pagesexercise in the elderly. According to the staff at Mayo Clinic, there are 7 important benefits of regular exercise (2015). The first reason is that exercise improves your mood (Mayo Clinic, 2015). Are you are feeling down and need an emotional lift, or have had a stressful day at work and need to blow off some steam? A small workout at the gym or a brisk walk at the park might be your answer. 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English History Boys Free Essays

How does Bennet use dramatic comedy to offer criticism of contemporary attitudes to education in The History Boys? In this essay I am going to explain how Alan Bennet uses dramatic comedy to criticise the contemporary attitudes towards education in the History Boys. The contemporary attitudes that are criticised are Utilitarianism, Humanism and Pragmatism. He does this by using a range of satirical devices. We will write a custom essay sample on English History Boys or any similar topic only for you Order Now Satire is the use of humour, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people’s stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues. It is usually used to comment on society by observing their way of thinking and they way they behave. The History Boys is a satire because throughout the book each attitude is being criticised through the characters; The Headmaster, Hector, Irwin and The Boys. All attitudes are shown to be in disagreement with each other as they all have a different view on education. The first attitude towards education Bennet presents us with is the Utilitarian attitude. This is where you only consider what will be best for a group of people and not just the individual. At the start of the novel Bennet introduces us to the character of the Headmaster who criticises the utilitarian attitude towards education in Thatcher’s Britain. This is shown to us in the opening scene of the play which was set in the staff room and he headmaster was discussing the boy’s A Level results with their history teacher, Mrs Lintott (Dorothy). â€Å"Their A Levels are very good†. The fact that ‘very good’ is in italics and is emphasised upon by the headmaster suggests to the readers that he is taking pleasure for himself from what the boys have achieved. By showing this Bennet has led the audience to acknowledge that the headmaster takes pleasure in others success even though he appears utilitarian. As we continue into the scene with Mrs Lintott and the Headmaster, we are shown that the headmaster praises her for her part in helping the boys to pass however it could be argued that he is patronising her at the same time by talking down to her. This is shown when he says â€Å"Thanks to you Dorothy†. Mrs Lintott suggests that they should continue with the way they are teaching in order to achieve better results however the Headmaster interrupts her by saying â€Å"yes yes† and continues to listing what he would like to happen. This is shown when he says â€Å"I am thinking league tables, open scholarships and reports to the Governors†. The fact that the headmaster lists what he wants portrays him, to the audience, as being a selfish character, he does not want what’s good for the boys but he wants things that will make him look good. The constant use of â€Å"I want† also backs up the idea of him being selfish. However he also talks about the boys doing themselves justice, this could make us as readers question whether he does genuinely care about the boys future or whether it is an act. This is shown when he says â€Å"I want them to do themselves justice I want them to do you justice†. Overall the audience could argue that in this scene, because there are differences between both the headmaster and Mrs Lintott there is a form of juxtaposition between them as the headmaster mocks Mrs Lintott’s attitude towards education which shows us that he does not care about what the boys achieve as individuals, he cares about what they achieve as a group. This therefore represents how Bennet has shown the Headmaster to criticise the Utilitarian view towards education. The second attitude towards education Bennet presents us with is the Humanism attitude. This is system of thought that centres on humans and their values, capacities, and worth. Bennet introduces us to the character of Hector. Within the very first page, Hector’s impression of education is set, where he refers to his subject as â€Å"useless knowledge† and â€Å"A waste of time†. This immediately suggests to the reader Hector’s general apathy towards the subject, and, seeming to mock Houseman goes on to quote, â€Å"all knowledge is useful whether or not it serves the slightest human use†. However, as we learn that Hector is a man of â€Å"studied eccentricity†, and Bennett later goes on to write in the stage directions, â€Å"an elaborate pantomime, all this† it could be assumed that Hector’s views of education differ from those he presents within the first scene. It is soon revealed that Hector’s idea of education is â€Å"the pursuit of knowledge for its own sake† –showing that he is not opposed to teaching; he instead wishes to, as Timms puts it, make the boys â€Å"more rounded human beings†. This, then, gives context to Hector’s referring to General studies as â€Å"bread eaten in secret†: his teachings are not to help the boys’ progressive school careers (â€Å"forget about Oxford and Cambridge†), but to provide the boys with something more personal and lifelong. For instance, when Timms tells Hector that he doesn’t understand  poetry, Hector calms him by saying that he, himself, doesn’t always understand poetry, but to â€Å"know it now and understand it whenever†, going on to say, â€Å"We’re making your deathbeds here, boys†. Hector’s approach is a clear substitute and â€Å"antidote† to Irwin’s direct and driven approach. The third and final attitude towards education Bennet presents us with is the Pragmatism attitude. This is basically where things are dealt with realistically rather than theoretically. Irwin first arrives at the school as the boys are about to start studying for their entrance exams to Oxford and Cambridge University. He is immediately give the important job of teaching the boys just because he says he went to Oxford University. This is shown when the Headmaster says to Irwin â€Å"Well you were at Cambridge† and Irwin replies saying â€Å"Oxford, Jesus. † At this point it could be argued that this is Bennett’s way of demonstrating how where you learn can sometimes be worth more than what you learn, which supports the Pragmatic view towards education it The History Boys. The first time we see Irwin it is in the future when he is acting as a spin doctor for the Government, he is in a wheelchair which acts as a narrative hook to the end of the play. He is telling the members of government how to act and what their attitude should be like and he is trying to convince them to agree with the idea of getting rid of the system of trial by jury. This leads on to Bennet showing us that Irwin has a different style of teaching to hectors, he does not educate the boys, but he teaches them how to write essays and how to pass their exams. This is how Bennett shows that the education system has change so that young people are not being educated as well as they should be, they’re just being taught how to pass and nothing the might find useful later on in life. â€Å"You can write down, Rudge that I must not write down every word that teacher says. † This quotation is said by Irwin and it shows us that Irwin is saying to the boys until they don’t write down what they have learnt in their own words then they won’t understand anything and they won’t be able to be independent and do as well when it comes to doing their exams. This clearly shows that Irwin’s method of educating the boys is clearly different to the other teachers. However other characters such as Hector seem to feel that Irwin is trying to replace his as the boys favourite teacher as they become fonder of Irwin they don’t seem to be as fond of Hector as they were before Irwin arrived. In contradiction to Hector, the Headmaster is fond of Irwin as he seems to think that Irwin will be the best thing for the boys and the school’s position on the League Tables. This is shown when the headmaster says â€Å"Get me scholarships, Irwin, pull us up the table. † The boys as a group show a suitably irrelevant attitude towards education. How to cite English History Boys, Papers

The Morals in Macbeth free essay sample

Macbeth (1606) is a morality play that warns its audiences, past and present, about the destruction that follows when ambition goes beyond moral constraints. To fully understand the extent to which Macbeth is a morality play, it is essential to give consideration to the context of the time during which the playwright penned the drama. Theatre was a major social event that not only brought society together but also taught the audience, regardless of their social class, how to behave in order for society to maintain its moral order. Shakespeare used the beliefs and current events of Renaissance England; the existence of witches, the Divine Right of Kings, a political and religious doctrine of royal and political legitimacy, and The Gowrie Conspiracy and The Gunpowder Plot regicide attempts; to warn the audience of the psychological turmoil associated with allowing oneself to be lured into immoral acts. Equally important in determining the moral integrity of Macbeth is establishing what defines a morality play. Morality plays were a form of medieval drama that flourished in Europe during the 16th century and the early 17th century, when Macbeth was performed. Moral plays were dramatised allegories, where characters were personifications of different qualities or vices and justice was served at the end of the play. Through the use of dramatic conventions, language and structural devices and the close examination of Macbeth’s psychological deterioration in the play, Shakespeare exemplifies to Jacobean audiences the penalties of immoral crimes. To build on this, the playwright reminds his contemporary audiences about the unpredictable nature of witches and the supernatural and the dire consequences of involving yourself with them. Furthermore, the drama highlights the negative repercussions of regicide and an illegitimate leader’s rule of a country, through Macbeth’s usurping of the Scottish crown and the resulting degeneration of the Scottish kingdom. Shakespeare’s play Macbeth fulfils all the characteristics of morality plays from the early 17th century and its status as a notable morality play has been heightened by how Shakespeare’s highly progressive and provocative messages about life and moral values are still relevant to contemporary audiences over 500 years later and thus, the play can be considered one of the greatest morality tales ever written. Shakespeare proposes that immoral actions we commit to achieve our ambitions and desires won’t result in success and happiness but, rather, will cause disastrous consequences. This notion occurs frequently throughout the play, with the first example arising very early in Scene 2 of Act One. The Thane of Cawdor, the ‘most disloyal traitor’ (1, 2, 59) Macdonwald, has joined the Norwegian forces fighting against Scotland. After committing this act of treason, the Thane of Cawdor is executed and his titles are given to Macbeth in recognition of his heroic efforts. The fact that Macbeth receives the traitor’s honours foreshadows that the new Thane of Cawdor, Macbeth, will follow the same fate and betray the King. Shakespeare wanted his audiences to become more morally-informed people so by placing this scene at the beginning of the play, the Bard immediately establishes that murder and treachery, above all against the King, are morally corrupt and will only cause dire consequences for the perpetrator. After encountering the three Weird Sisters in the following scene, who prophecise that he will become King of Scotland, Macbeth resolves that ‘chance may crown me/Without my stir’ (1, 3, 157-158). However, he allows his ‘dearest love’ (1, 5, 63) to manipulate him into taking King Duncan’s life. Moreover, Shakespeare shows his contemporary audience the eternal effects of committing murder when Macbeth speaks to an imaginary Duncan, warning him not to hear the bell for ‘it is a knell/That summons thee to heaven or to hell’ (2, 1, 71-72). Shakespeare employs the technique of apostrophe here as Macbeth addresses the absent Duncan as if he were present. During this speech, Macbeth realises that his actions will damn him and he will go to hell and the use of the rhyming couplet adds a sense of finality, accentuating that the deed is irreversible. Shakespeare’s mentioning of the eternal damnation of Macbeth as a result of committing regicide would have heightened the Jacobean audiences’ adherence to the play’s morals. The playwright gives full access to Macbeth’s tortured mind as he descends into madness. In the scene succeeding the murder, Macbeth recalls the deed in a frenzied state and claims that he heard a voice say, ‘Sleep no more! /Macbeth does murder sleep’ (2, 2, 43-44). The word ‘sleep’ is then mentioned six more times in the space of eight lines as Shakespeare stresses that Macbeth is no longer innocent and so cannot sleep. His dispatching of Duncan has literally murdered any chance of easy sleep for Macbeth, due to the immense guilt that he will suffer. Even after Macbeth is crowned as King, Lady Macbeth admits that ‘Nought’s had, all’s spent,/Where our desire is got without content. ’ Lady Macbeth and her husband have exhausted all their resources and achieved everything they wanted, but still are not satisfied. Shakespeare uses this rhyming couplet to underscore that no personal peace or contentment can be achieved by killing another. Lady Macbeth then goes as far as to say that ‘’Tis safer to be that which we destroy/Than by destruction dwell in doubtful joy’ (3, 2, 8-9). In other words, it’s better to be dead than tormented by guilt because you have killed someone. Macbeth enters and expresses the full extent of his anxious and guilty conscience when he confesses that, ‘O, full of scorpions is my mind, dear wife! ’ (3, 4, 42). This torturous metaphor highlights the distress that seems to be burrowing further and further into the depths of Macbeth’s mind. The audience cannot help but empathise with Macbeth and his struggle with his issues of conscience, whilst still recognising that he is governed by some semblance of right and wrong, despite the poor choices he has made. Equally important in demonstrating the deterioration associated with committing immoral deeds is the rapid demise of Lady Macbeth following Duncan’s death. After Duncan’s assassination, Lady Macbeth is the one who takes control and attempts to calm Macbeth with her misguided philosophy that ‘A little water clears us of this deed. How easy is it then! (2, 2, 80-81). However, this lack of remorse soon fades and as Macbeth isolates himself with his newly attained Kingship, Lady Macbeth becomes overrun with guilt. A doctor is summoned by Lady Macbeth’s attendant to observe her nightly ritual and he describes her sleep-walking as ‘A great perturbation in nature, to receive at once the/benefit of sleep and do the effects of watching! ’ (5, 1, 8-9), highlighting the unnaturalness of Lady Macbeth’s actions. She then tries to remove imaginary blood from her hands, evidence of her role in Duncan’s death. The doctor concludes that ‘Unnatural deeds/Do breed unnatural troubles’ (5, 1, 63-64). Macbeth and Lady Macbeth’s appalling immoral crimes can be seen as unnatural deeds which bring about numerous disastrous consequences, both for them and in the natural world. Through the repetition of the word ‘unnatural,’ the playwright directly reinforces to audiences, then and now, the immorality of Duncan’s assassination and murder as a whole and the inherent suffering associated with committing immoral deeds. In the end, suicide seems like the only option for Lady Macbeth to escape the trap he has caused for herself through her deplorable actions. The inclusion of a main female character by Shakespeare is very effective as it adds an element of universality to the play’s morals; without the downfall of an ambitious female character, the messages of the drama, would not, arguably, be as applicable to female audience members. The playwright uses the decline of Macbeth and his wife, two of the central characters in the play, following their regicide to repeatedly warn his contemporary and future audiences about the dangers of committing immoral deeds and their devastating consequences. To build on the idea that unnatural deeds breed unnatural troubles, Shakespeare presents witchcraft and the supernatural as dangerous forces and highlights that involving yourself with them will only lead to your downfall. The role of the witches in Macbeth’s decline should not be underestimated. Although the Weyward Sisters do not directly advise Macbeth to commit regicide, they tempt him into the deed with their prophecies, which promise that he ‘shalt be King hereafter! ’ (1, 3, 53). By planting this seed in Macbeth’s mind, the Weird Sisters effectively guide him onto the path to his own destruction. Shakespeare relates witchcraft to the devil, as many Jacobean people believed that the devil followed this same pattern of temptation, and thus accentuates the extent of their evil intentions. The plotting of Macbeth’s downfall by the supernatural forces is stressed in Scene 5 of Act Three when Hecate, the goddess of witchcraft, reprimands the three witches for approaching Macbeth without her. Hecate plans to destroy Macbeth by filling him with over confidence and using apparitions to ‘draw him onto his confusion’ (3, 5, 29). Just two scenes later, Macbeth visits the Weird Sisters, who are chanting the line, ‘Double, double toil and trouble. Shakespeare stresses the witches’ intent: to cause trouble for all the mortals around them. The Wayward Sisters succeed in confusing Macbeth in their equivocations; to ‘Beware the Thane of Fife’ (4, 1, 79) but then that ‘none of woman born/Shall harm Macbeth’ (4, 1, 88-89) and ‘Macbeth shall never vanquished be, until/Great Birnam Wood to high Dunsinane Hill/Shall come against him’ (4, 1, 101-103). These half-truths that seemingly promise success for Macbeth cause him to become arrogant and complacent in his role as King, which essentially leads to his downfall. Throughout the play, it is evident that Macbeth’s good conscience fights a losing battle against the evil spirits for control of his soul, one of the characteristics of 17th century morality plays. Macbeth becomes so confused about what is moral and immoral that he succumbs to the pressures of his wife and his own ambition and Shakespeare suggests that this moral confusion stems from the witches’ toxic influence, emphasising the unnatural consequences associated with involving yourself in witchcraft and the supernatural. In addition, Shakespeare dramatises the complex nature of Kingship through the disparities between the rule of King Duncan and Macbeth to reinforce that the wellbeing of a nation is dependent on the moral compass of its leader. During the medieval and Renaissance periods, it was believed that the health of a country depended on the goodness and moral legitimacy of its leader: political order led to natural order. King Duncan is always referred to as a great King: he is generous, benevolent and humble and as a result, Scotland flourishes under his rule. Shakespeare highlights Duncan’s generosity and good nature when he promises to all his ‘Sons, kinsmen, thanes’ (1, 4, 42) that ‘signs of nobleness, like stars, shall shine/On all deservers’ (1, 4, 48-49). Macbeth is already plotting to overthrow the King at this point and only a few lines later, he speaks to himself the telling words, ‘Stars! Hide your fires! /Let not light see my black and deep desires’ (1, 4, 58-59). On the literal level, Shakespeare juxtaposes the good-hearted personality and morals of Duncan with the ruthlessness of Macbeth and metaphorically, the playwright associates King Duncan with light, goodness and above all, transparency in his rule. Macbeth, in contrast, craves darkness to hide his sinister thoughts and actions, foreshadowing his corrupt reign. Shakespeare’s characterisation of Duncan as being well-respected by his people and treating all of his royal subjects so well heightens the enormity and tragedy of his murder. Duncan is honoured and loved so his assassination is unnatural and this unnaturalness is reinforced by the chaos in the natural world that results. ‘Chimneys were blown down’ (2, 3, 52), ‘lamentings heard in the air/Strange screams of death’ (2, 3, 53-54), ‘the earth was feverous/And did shake’ (2, 3, 59-60) and ‘Duncan’s horses’ (2, 4, 16) did ‘eat each other’ (2, 4, 22). Even Macbeth admits that the dead King’s ‘gashed stabs looked like a breach in nature’ (2, 3, 121), reinforcing the connection between the political order and natural order. Shakespeare uses Duncan’s death and the resulting chaos to propose the occurrences and damage to the order of the English royal Kingdom that would occur if King James I was killed, who was widely considered a great King. On the other hand, Macbeth is so ruthless and violent in his role as King of Scotland that by the end, ‘Those he commands move only in command,/Nothing in love’ (5, 2, 22-23). Shakespeare uses the idea of Karma, that all of your actions will have equal repercussions, to highlight that leaders who are ruthless and treat their people and country badly will suffer the terrible consequence of being hated and eventually betrayed. Macbeth is constantly referred to as a tyrant and his death is not seen as unnatural but is celebrated. At the end of the play, after Macduff slays Macbeth, ‘The usurper’s cursed head’ (5, 8, 66) is removed and held high in triumph. This notion that Macbeth is cursed relates back to his thoughts being greatly influenced by the witches and their role in his downfall. At the conclusion of the play, the audience sees the torment and emptiness of Macbeth’s life and turns with relief to the justice and order re-established by Malcolm, the rightful heir to the throne. The differences in the reign of Duncan and Macbeth and the effects both rulers have on the political and natural world stress the importance of moral leadership for a nation and society to thrive. In conclusion, Macbeth is to a great extent a morality tale, with Macbeth allegorically representing the vice of ambitious greed, a constant fight between good and evil and justice being served at the play’s conclusion with the rightful heir, Malcolm, being restored to the Scottish Kingdom. Furthermore, Macbeth’s classification as a noteworthy morality drama has been intensified by how its timeless and universal lessons about the importance of being a loyal and moral citizen are still valid in the 21st century. Shakespeare underscores for his audiences that immoral crimes will always have negative repercussions, supernatural forces are dangerous and cannot be trusted and the political and social wellbeing of a country relies on the morality of its leader. I believe that Macbeth is one of the best morality plays ever written, which is verified by how relevant its messages still are today. We continue to see modern leadership being morally corrupted by excessive hunger for power; business men and woman, politicians, religious leaders and sports people. Macbeth, the morality play, continues to challenge its audiences to consider whether our morality, both personally and as a whole society, has evolved since Shakespeare penned the drama five centuries ago.

Gatsby Psychoanalysis Essay Example

Gatsby Psychoanalysis Paper Jay Gatsby is easily psychoanalysis due to his many psychological issues and troubled past. It is clear that he has a serious drive for Daisy. He is willing to do anything in his power to attempt to impress her. Ever since his knowledge of Daisys marriage to Tom, Gatsby has transferred his feelings for Daisy into an accumulation of wealth. Not only does he transfer his feelings into wealth, but also he uses denial to repress the terrible thought that perhaps Daisy could love someone else in her life. His entire life is an immense charade. He is not happy, yet he has everything that the world says one needs to be happy such as power, wealth, and fame. He also uses denial in his life to cover-up areas in which he knows he is not perfect. Even his name, Jay Gatsby, is a silly attempt to make himself seem more refined. Another example of such defense mechanisms can be seen in the way he copies his rich friend in calling people old sport. In the end, Jay Gatsby goes about looking for love in all the wrong ways. Instead of focusing on truly finding Daisys heart with love and compassion, he tries to make himself out to be someone he Is not. We will write a custom essay sample on Gatsby Psychoanalysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Gatsby Psychoanalysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Gatsby Psychoanalysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer I chose to psychoanalyst Jay Gatsby because certain aspects of his life remind me of myself. It is hard to admit, but I sometimes alter the way I act In order to Impress other people. I can honestly and thankfully say that I have never taken It to the extremes in which Gatsby did, but I am still not completely innocent. I often transfer feelings for wanting acceptance Into a group Into fake behaviors. Also, whenever I feel very anxious or embarrassed because of my actions, I put up defense mechanisms In which I tell myself that I either did not commit the action or try to centralize my poor decisions. For Instance, today I tried to rationalize the fact that I got too Intoxicated before the LULUS game, which resulted In me missing work. I know I was in the wrong, but I still kept telling myself that It was acceptable because It felt better. I also have felt Like Gatsby In a search for love. While I have many friends and a stable life, I often find myself unhappy with my relationships with girls that I have dated In the past. I find myself wanting to Impress them In some small way whenever I happen to encounter them on campus. Just Like Gatsby, sometimes I put up defense exchanges and charades In order to make myself look Impressive. In the end, although my actions are not as extreme as Gatsby, they are still relatable to his. Gatsby Psychoanalysis By Smithsonian compassion, he tries to make himself out to be someone he is not. Of myself. It is hard to admit, but I sometimes alter the way I act in order to impress other people. I can honestly and thankfully say that I have never taken it to the feelings for wanting acceptance into a group into fake behaviors. Also, whenever I mechanisms in which I tell myself that I either did not commit the action or try to centralize my poor decisions. For instance, today I tried to rationalize the fact that I got too intoxicated before the LULUS game, which resulted in me missing work. I know I was in the wrong, but I still kept telling myself that it was acceptable because it felt better. I also have felt like Gatsby in a search for love. While I have many friends and dated in the past. I find myself wanting to impress them in some small way whenever I happen to encounter them on campus. Just like Gatsby, sometimes I put up defense mechanisms and charades in order to make myself look impressive. In the end,

Free Essays on Watson Vs Freud

Psychology is a huge science area with many variations on approach. Over many years Psychologists such as Freud, Skinner, Rogers and Watson, just to name a few, have contributed, providing us with invaluable tools to evaluate and treat mental illness, understand and treat phobias and indeed provide us with a window into the unconscious mind. In particular, two areas of study have intrigued me, so I believe it would be useful to compare and contrast these two very different approaches. Not only will I compare the methods of research used but also will note any similarities or differences they may have and indeed the strengths and weaknesses of each approach. My chosen approaches to evaluate are Behaviourist V Psychoanalytic. In 1913 John Watson published ‘ Psychology as the behaviourist view it’, in it he outlined his new ideas. These ideas were considered ‘new’ because Watson disagreed with Freud’s view of human behaviour; he dismissed it as ‘ philosophical to the point of mysticism’ (Watson 1913, citied by Christopher D. Green, York University). Watson also dismissed heredity as an important factor in human behaviour shaping. Watson stated that ‘The traditional methods of animal psychology are indeed the true method of scientific psychology’. (Watson 1913, citied by Christopher D. Green, York University). In this article Watson said ‘ The time seems to have come when psychology must discard all reference to consciousness; when it need no longer delude itself into thinking that it is making mental states the object of observation ’ (‘Psychology as the behaviourist views it’ John Watson, Psychological review, 1913}. By saying this Watson meant that Freud and other Psychoanalysts could not prove their theories and therefore were not scientific. Also they studied abnormal patients (mental patients) so therefore they could not have a true picture. This publication did in fact establish ‘a new school of... Free Essays on Watson Vs Freud Free Essays on Watson Vs Freud Psychology is a huge science area with many variations on approach. Over many years Psychologists such as Freud, Skinner, Rogers and Watson, just to name a few, have contributed, providing us with invaluable tools to evaluate and treat mental illness, understand and treat phobias and indeed provide us with a window into the unconscious mind. In particular, two areas of study have intrigued me, so I believe it would be useful to compare and contrast these two very different approaches. Not only will I compare the methods of research used but also will note any similarities or differences they may have and indeed the strengths and weaknesses of each approach. My chosen approaches to evaluate are Behaviourist V Psychoanalytic. In 1913 John Watson published ‘ Psychology as the behaviourist view it’, in it he outlined his new ideas. These ideas were considered ‘new’ because Watson disagreed with Freud’s view of human behaviour; he dismissed it as ‘ philosophical to the point of mysticism’ (Watson 1913, citied by Christopher D. Green, York University). Watson also dismissed heredity as an important factor in human behaviour shaping. Watson stated that ‘The traditional methods of animal psychology are indeed the true method of scientific psychology’. (Watson 1913, citied by Christopher D. Green, York University). In this article Watson said ‘ The time seems to have come when psychology must discard all reference to consciousness; when it need no longer delude itself into thinking that it is making mental states the object of observation ’ (‘Psychology as the behaviourist views it’ John Watson, Psychological review, 1913}. By saying this Watson meant that Freud and other Psychoanalysts could not prove their theories and therefore were not scientific. Also they studied abnormal patients (mental patients) so therefore they could not have a true picture. This publication did in fact establish ‘a new school of...

Anti-competitive Behavior of the Wisconsin Chiropractic Association Essay - 3

Anti-competitive Behavior of the Wisconsin Chiropractic Association - Essay Example The FTC functions as an equalizer between the vulnerable consumers and the wealthy and powerful businessmen and corporations. It serves as a monitoring agency in the regulation of commodity prices. It also serves to protect businesses from each other by giving all of them fair and equal opportunities to trade their wares in the consumer market. Public policy considerations against anti-competitive behavior revolve around keeping the prices of commodities and services affordable to the public while still achieving a high level of quality in goods and services. The FTC monitors the consumer market for possible violations in anti-competition and anti-trust policies. This monitoring is done with the help of the consumers. Consumers are encouraged to report unfair competition practices of businesses and industries. Through the FTC, many industries are encouraged and motivated to produce high-end goods and services while still making them available to the consumer at affordable prices. The public has the right to expect an assortment of choices in their goods and services. It also has the right to be protected against businessmen and corporations who may take it upon themselves to agree about prices in order to manipulate the market. The public has the right to be protected against monopolies. Monopolies restrict the public’s right to avail of similar products traded by other companies. This practice restricts the participation of industries in similar trading lines controlled by more dominant corporations.

The Role of Neurotechnology In Mitigating Developmental Progression of Research Paper

The Role of Neurotechnology In Mitigating Developmental Progression of Brain Disease - Research Paper Example One such condition which has been studied thoroughly is congenital diaphramatic hernia2. Of recent interest is fetal investigation and therapy of neurological disorders like spina bifida which are potential candidates for fetal therapy and there is some evidence that fetal interventions, when compared to postnatal interventions can improve postnatal neurological outcomes. This study aims to ascertain the role of neurotechnological advances in mitigation of the progression of neurological disorders, through review of suitable literature. Methods In order to retrieved articles for review, the electronic databases PUBMED and Google Scholar were used. The words used for search were â€Å"fetal therapy† or â€Å"fetal intervention† or â€Å"neurotechnology† with â€Å"brain disorders of fetus†. Several articles were displayed. Based on the contents of the abstracts, some of the articles were selected and studied. Both reviews and controlled studies were picked up for this research project to gain overall information about the topic and the research aim in study. Discussion Advances in technology in the form of powerful imaging strategies and improved sampling techniques have revealed the mystery of the fetus that was once secretive3. Most of the malformations that are diagnosed prenatally are managed best by appropriate medical and surgical therapy after birth. This may required planned delivery at a tertiary care after safe maternal transport. However, a few anatomic abnormalities with predictable consequences after birth may require surgical intervention before birth itself4 . In early 1980s, developmental pathophysiology of several anomalies which were potentially correctable was ascertained in animal models.5 The natural history of these diseases was determined through serial observation among animal models. Thereafter, selection criteria for prenatal intervention were developed. In the process, various anesthetic and tocolytic regime ns were refined and protocolised and also surgical aspects of hysterotomy and fetal repair were refined and developed. In the later stages, minimally invasive techniques for fetal intervention were developed and refined. All these advances in technology have benefited several fetal patients and it is hoped that more advances are made in this novel strategy allowing advanced forms of treatment on the fetus like tissue engineering, stem cell transplantation and gene therapy in both anatomic and non-anatomic defects (Harrison, 2003).6 During the previous decade, 3 important trends pertaining to fetal therapy have emerged for congenital diaphragmatic hernia7. In the first trend, the surgeons moved away from total surgical repair of the anatomical defect, especially in those liver herniation where repair was technically difficult, and developed induction of lung growth by

Depression and Criminal Behavior

Depression and Criminal Behavior Depression is a wide-reaching condition that affects millions of Americans who experience it in a few different archetypes, but each can be crippling. Bipolar disorder, a severe type of depression, has been connected to criminal behavior when one considers prison-population statistics and the percentage of manic depressives who commit crimes. Factors such as substance abuse, environment, and gender unpack the criminal side of depression and lead to the ultimate question of whether depression lends itself to crime or vice versa. Depression and Criminal Behavior What is depression? Depression is described as an illness that affects every aspect of a human being. The way a person eats, sleeps, and feels about life is typical of depression. One can also characterize depression by what it is not. For example, depression is not simply a blue feeling that comes and goes. We all experience sadness from time to time, but depression is a very deep feeling of sadness that does not go away by wish or will. One does not get over or shake off depression. It is also not a sign of weak or flawed character. How does one characterize this deep feeling of sadness? A more correct term used when describing depression is illness. The term illness insinuates that, without treatment, symptoms can last for a significant length of time. The longevity of symptoms differentiates occasional sadness from clinical depression. Strock, (1994). Depression (NIH publication no. 00-3561). This point is addressed by the VA, For many, a depressed mood is a normal reaction to the death of someone they love or the loss of the ability to perform routine activities. But, when a depressed mood persists for a long period of time with no signs of lifting, a person will benefit most from talking to their primary care provider to determine if clinical depression is the cause. (Department of Veterans Affairs, 2002) There is, however, treatment available that can help individuals regardless of the degree of symptoms. Types of Depression The three main types of depression are major depression, dysthymia, and bipolar disorder. There are many other types of depression besides the three listed, however, the variances are more of degree than nature. For all practical purposes, the three main types of depression encompass the entire spectrum. The first type, major depression, virtually disables a person in every aspect of his or her life. Menial tasks such as eating or sleeping are just as affected by major depression as harder tasks, such as social interaction and cognitive functioning. In addition, people suffering from major depression do not enjoy activities that were once pleasurable. This disabling of function in every aspect of life typifies major depression. Strock, (1994). Depression (NIH publication no. 00-3561). The second main type of depression is dysthymia. This type of depression is less severe than major depression in that it does not disable. The hallmark of dysthymia is that it keeps a person from having a feeling of wholeness or good. People who have dysthymia, however, are not completely safe from the effects of major depression, as it is common to suffer from major depression at some point in ones life. Strock, (1994). Depression (NIH publication no. 00-3561). Bipolar Disorder, also labeled manic depression, is the third type of depression that is the least common and most severe form of the illness. Bipolar disorder is characterized by cycling mood changes: severe highs (mania) and lows (depression). The shift between these two moods is often gradual, but can also happen abruptly with no notice. The depressed aspect of Bipolar Disorder is virtually the same as major depression. The person loses interest in activities, whether routine or pleasurable and feels a deep sense of sadness. The mania aspect of this illness is what differentiates it from the other forms of depression. When a manic depressed person has fits of mania, he or she has a heightened energy level that is well above normal. The person may talk more than usual or react in a way that is inappropriate to the situation. While in a state of mania, a manic depressed person may do things that are a cause for shame or embarrassment later, but in the moment, they may seem perfectly right. If left untreated, manic depression may lead to a psychotic state. Strock, (1994). Depression (NIH publication no. 00-3561). This is the type of depression that can lead to criminal behavior. Link to Criminal Behavior Of the three types of depression, bipolar disorder is most commonly linked to criminal behavior, especially violence. In a study that considered a cross section of 261 patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder, it was found that when compared to criminal records, manic-depressives were more often convicted of crimes (Englander, 2003). However, those who were unipolar (only depressive, not manic) were found not to be more prone to criminal behavior. This leads one to focus on the manic aspect of depression in connecting the dots to an increased propensity to commit crimes. A study of 50 juvenile boys corroborated this notion by noting that manic depression not only increased criminal behavior, but also was linked to antisocial tendencies. Though a high level of aggression was identified, only 14% were ever incarcerated for aggressive acts (Englander, 2003). Prevalence of Mania in Prisons A look at criminal behavior within the construct of mania leads to an obvious question of whether individuals within the prison system are more likely or less likely to exhibit manic tendencies. A study completed in the mid-1980s evaluated over 1,000 prisoners in the HMP Brixton in London, England and found that prisoners were seven times more likely to suffer from manic depression when compared to the general population (Blumenthal and Lavendar, 2000). Other mental illnesses were found less frequently. Schizophrenia was discovered to exist only three times higher in the prison sample than in the general populace. Alcohol and Drug Abuse Risk Factors Alcohol and drug abuse are key indicators in determining whether someone is prone to criminal acts. It is helpful, once again, to compare bipolar disorder to schizophrenia, this time in terms of sufferer usage. There is a high rate of substance abuse among mentally ill persons across the spectrum of mental illness. In fact, mental illness doubles the risk of substance abuse. Schizophrenics abuse drugs and alcohol at a rate of 47%, while manic depressives abuse at a much higher rate of 61% (Blumenthal and Lavendar, 2000). General substance abuse frequency among manics coupled with the notion that a majority of violent crimes such as rape, assault, and murder are committed after high drug or alcohol use shows that those who suffer from bipolar disorder are more likely to commit violent crime (Blumenthal and Lavendar, 2000). Thus, substance abuse is a predictor of violence and manic depressives are prone to substance abuse. Gender Considerations It is interesting to look at gender differences as it relates to bipolar disorder. Women generally suffer from depression more often than men, and this is also true in the bipolar aspect of depression. Along with frequency, women suffer from more intense forms of depression than men, meaning mania could be potentially more severe and lead to violence or other forms of criminal behavior. This, however, is outweighed by the significantly higher prevalence of male arrests within the context of a manic state. In the U.S., men commit more crimes per capita, up to six times more than women. Even though women are less likely to commit crimes than men, those who suffer from bipolar disorder offend at a higher rate than women who are not diagnosed with mental illness (Friedman, 2005). Causal Relationship Question Though there is a relationship found between depression and crime, some argument exists as to the extent of the connection. Two possibilities must be considered, whether the crime was committed because the individual was depressed or did the person become depressed as a result of committing a crime. One of the more closely linked facets of depression and violent crime are found when a depressed person becomes so hopeless that, before committing suicide, they kill friends or loved ones. In a study of 78 murder cases, a link was made between depression and violent crime only when environmental factors, such as a negative life event, spurred on the criminal behavior (Hollin, 2002). Conclusion In conclusion, depression is a vast subject of which much is known. Types of depression have ranges of degree from relatively mild to very severe forms of the disorder. In terms of criminal behavior, bipolar disorder is most closely linked, particularly the manic aspect of the mental illness. A relationship is seen when one considers the higher prevalence of bipolar criminals in the prison system compared to the general populace and the propensity for manic depressives to abuse alcohol and drugs, a key indicator of criminal behavior. Though the causation of criminal behavior is akin to the chicken and egg argument, questioning which one causes the other, it is proven that depression is a factor in the context of criminal behavior.

Dress Standards at Work: You Are What You Wear, Really? Essay

Clothing is a powerful tool for identity construction and can be recognized as a stamp of self-expression. Simply put, clothes make the man (Mark Twain, 1927). In modern day situations, women are gradually engaging in manipulation of work attire to construct identities and manage impressions as the emphasis on clothes and appearance increases (Guy & Banim, 2000). While there appears to be evidence for the argument that female employees engage with clothing as a means of how they construct their image in the workplace, their attire decisions are often restricted by strict regulatory regime on clothing (Peluchette, Karl & Rust, 2006). Before delving further into the various types of strict regulatory clothing regime involved, it is critical to have a well-defined understanding about the relationship between a woman’s dressing and her identity in corporate work settings (Peluchette, Karl & Rust, 2006). The style in which women dress reflects deeply the gist of who and what they t ruly are in terms of their identity (Findley, Fretwell, Wheatley & Ingram, 2006). It is believed that women use clothing to define as well as communicate her identity to others. According to Davis and Lennon (as cited in Peluchette, Karl & Rust, 2006), women strategically select clothing according to the image they wish to project to others. If this is the case, observers in workplaces should be able to make sense of and show consensus with regards to the information the woman is bringing across in her clothing cues at work, as well as substantially agree between the perceived meaning of clothing cues and the her actual identity. However, that is only valid if the work attire women don on is specifically determined by them to represent themselves in their respective workplaces. Put differently, the ability of women in managing their identities in workplaces through effective dressing depends on the extent of their freedom of choice when it comes to clothing decisions. Therefore, this paper will begin by exploring arguing for the ways in which dressing of women is restricted by external influences, and conclude that their clothing cues may not be related to true identity of women as freedom of dressing is compromised. Company’s desire for professional image In today’s world, many companies enforce strict dress codes on women in orderto gain the merit of a workforce labor with a professional image (Cardon & Okoro, 2009). Knowing that a female employee’s appearance at work has a direct impact on the company’s image, many organizations establish and enforce regulatory regime on work clothing to ensure that the organization is best represented in a professional manner (Findley, Fretwell, Wheatley & Ingram, 2006). From a corporate perspective, it appears that formal dress codes are usually associated with increased professionalism. For example, when women wear white blouses, black blazers and black knee-length skirts, they are said to appear more authoritative, influential, powerful, confident and competent (Cardon & Okoro, 2009). Since work attire of women has a direct impact on their ability to attract clients as well as acquire new business for the company, most companies end up monitoring and dictating dress policies that demand for a regulated attire such as sensible dark suits and A-line skirts (McPherson, 1997; Findley, Fretwell, Wheatley & Ingram, 2006). This effectively restricts the diversity of work attire working women are allowed to don in their workplaces. As a result, women’s ability to demonstrate their true identities through dressing is often restricted by an enforced corporate attire and identity. That is to say, organizations implicitly control office ladies’ work attire by stating clothing policies that mandate a satisfactory level of dress standard. For instance, female employees in especially conservative industries such as banks and law firms are prohibited from wearing sundresses, mini skirts, jeans or shorts during work time (Rafaeli & Pratt, 1993). While employers redefine the parameters of workplace attire and dictate women’s attire to project the desired professional identity the company desires, working women lose their choice of freedom to dress accordingly to how they want themselves to be seen. Hence, they end up succumbing to clothing attire and a prescribed work identity that is determined primarily by organizational rules (Rafaeli & Pratt, 1993). Homogenous work attire On a similar note, women’s ability to communicate their actual identities across to observers may also be constrained by obligatory homogenous dressing in corporate scenes. One classic example would be the white color dress in health service administrations that is made compulsory, as it is believed to communicate the code of cleanliness in the health industry.Likewise, the feminine style of work attire at Mary Kay Cosmetics that strictly dictates only dress and no pants indicates the feminine values that the manager of the organization identifies as fundamental identity to the organization (Rafaeli and Pratt, 1993). It can be observed then, when women in such working places are involved in a common pattern of clothing imposed on them by their employers, their identity is merely the product of their companies’ image and attributions rather then individual choice towards identity construction. In like manner, pink-collared female employees are compelled to wear company uniforms in customer-contact jobs, such as fast food restaurants, for easier identification. For instance, all female employees in the aviation industry were made to conform to a mandatory dress code not only because they were constantly in public contact and directly represent the airline company’s brand image, but also in order for them to be easily recognized in flight. The meaning of clothing cues, in such scenarios, reflects the brand identity of the organizations the women represent, and in this case, the airline industry. Uniformity ordained by strict dress regulations explicitly forbids women from exercising freedom of dress, thereby disallowing them to communicate their identities across effectively in workplaces. As a result, the information present in the clothing cues of women in corporate scenes where dressing is dictated by higher authority may not be demonstrative of their actual identi ties. Governed by societal expectation Women’s choices of dressing in workplaces are not based on essential requirements of their actual identity, but rather on socially constructed norms, which are barriers to their attempts at identity construction through dressing. Governance by societal expectations can be understood in terms of gender norms, as well as workplace roles, both of which attribute certain image to be expected of female workers across work organizations. Socially constructed gender norms forbid certain styles of working attire of women, those of which are deemed to fall outside commonly understood gender norms. For instance, women are expected to conform and dress according to the stereotypical attitudes about women in workplaces (Martucci & Zheng, 2007). Female employees were prohibited from wearing working clothes that were deemed too masculine, and were expected to dress more femininely as well as wear more jewelry (Martucci & Zheng, 2007). Otherwise, they will be prone to sexual discrimination based on society’s sex stereotypes (Martucci & Zheng, 2007). When it comes to gender subordination of dress choices, the socially enforced appearance for work dress standards inevitably construct a subordinated image of working women. In other words, women’s clothing decisions are confined to the subjective qualities of femaleness in workplaces. In this case, women’s ability to manage gender identity according to their psychological preference, or their external demonstration of gender in workplaces is restricted by society’s sexually stereotypical assumption about femininity. Similarly, societal expectations about women’s workplace roles also limit their ability to manage identity through dressing. Put differently, society’s perceptions of women’s workplace roles have a large part to play in influencing their attire at work. Case in point, a female professor dressed in casual style of dress comprising jeans, sports shirt and sneakers was rated as having less status and teaching competency than herself when dressed formally in dark suit and white blouse (Rafaeli & Pratt, 1993). As certain attire project various characteristic, women at work often find themselves adopting patterns of dress that are required to not only be accepted, but rather expected of them in their society’s context. In a way, women in such corporate work settings find themselves having to dress in a way that fulfills workplace roles designated to them by society. Both forms of societal expectations describe situations in which the work attire of women reflects a form of informal regulatory regime on clothing. Such socially enforced regulation on women’s work attire eventually affects the outcome of women’s identity, as they dutifully comply with the obligatory dress standards, and end up being inappropriately identified as products governed by societal expectations. Opposing viewpoints Naysayers claim that the corporate world is changing the way it dresses in such time of increasing acceptance towards dressing down in workplaces (McPherson, 1997; Peluchette, Karl & Rust, 2006). Many corporations are now embracing the new style called â€Å"business casual† as they begin to steer away from mandatory formal workplace attire. According to Cadwell (as cited in McPherson, 1997), a study on 1000 companies reveals that almost half of the companies surveyed implemented regular dress-down days throughout the year. The trend of â€Å"casual dressing† adopted by many corporations today permit female employees to let their hair down without having to worry about the need to conform to strict dress codes (McPherson, 1997). As such, working women, as a matter of fact, have the freedom to engage with clothes to create, reveal or conceal aspects of their identity they want to project at their workplaces (Guy & Banim, 2000). While it is true that there is a trend towards casual dressing at work, it comes with a down side for it causes confusion with regards to what is considered casual yet acceptable. In other words, as companies frown upon the allowance of certain forms of casual outfit women don on at workplaces, it is arguable whether dress codes these days any less restrictive or not (McPherson, 1997). The trend towards casual dressing allows for women at work to dress casually, albeit within reason and observing workplace propriety, which in other words, means that women’s work attire are still within control of the organizations they are associated with. As corporations impose guidelines for casual dressing by forbidding denim clothing, T-shirts, tank tops and cowboy boots for example, female attire wearers still suffer limitations (McPherson, 1997). This comes off as an unspoken rule on work attire that casts casual dressing as a faux freedom. Therefore, even though casual dressing has allowed for women to manage work attire, many companies still intend to control and limit their clothing decisions through casual business wear policies. In addition, regulatory regime on dress attire has long been a workplace mainstay in certain industries to begin with, such as the food industry, aviation or the bank (McPherson, 1997). Hence, it is understood that not all industries, especially the conservative companies, favor casual dressing and dress down days in the corporate scene. Conclusion In conclusion, dress code requirements imposed by corporations interfere with women’s ability to manage identities in workplaces. As women’s freedom of dress at work is compromised, scant regard is given towards the importance of self-presentation and identity construction. Regulatory rules on work attire are merely subordinating standard of appearance imposed on women, identifying them as products of company’s brand identity or societal expectations, effectively diminishing working women’s ability to constantly manage and revise their identities through dressing. REFERENCES Guy, A., & Banim, M. (2000). Personal Collections: women’s clothing use and identity. Journal of Gender Studies, 9(3), 313-327. doi:10.1080/095892300750040512 http://web.ebscohost.com.libproxy.smu.edu.sg/ehost/detail?vid=5&hid=112&sid=5cd5916b-4ab8-4541-9df1-59556e08c386%40sessionmgr113&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#db=a9h&AN=3889122 Cardon, P. W., & Okoro, E. A. (2009). Professional characteristics communicated by formal versus casual workplace attire. Business Communication Quarterly, 72(3), 355-360. http://ehis.ebscohost.com.libproxy.smu.edu.sg/eds/detail?vid=3&hid=120&sid=9c71b583-73c9-43f4-90b9-92c68bf56683@sessionmgr110&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ==#db=bth&AN=43666664 Peluchette, J. V., Karl, K., & Rust, K. (2006). Dressing to Impress: Beliefs and Attitudes Regarding Workplace Attire. Journal Of Business And Psychology, 21(1), 45-63. http://ehis.ebscohost.com/eds/detail?vid=2&hid=101&sid=1d70c8d0-5feb-4488-ada5-9d4f2ac1018e%40sessionmgr4&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d%3d#db=edsjaf&AN=10.2307.25473469 Rafaeli, A., & Pratt, M.J. (1993). TAILORED MEANINGS: ON THE MEANING AND IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL DRESS. Academy Of Management Review, 18(1), 32-55. http://ehis.ebscohost.com/eds/detail?vid=3&hid=115&sid=a2a67364-d589-4b09-a81d-ccf898264642%40sessionmgr4&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d%3d#db=bth&AN=3997506 Martucci, W. C., & Zheng, L. (2007). Gender identity and gender expression – Considerations for the national employer. Employment Relations Today (Wiley), 34(2), 79-87. doi:10.1002/ert.20155 http://ehis.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=07fa669d-bf81-4d64-a697

Rate of reaction = change in absorbency/change in time Essay

Average absorbency = Test 1+2+33 eg. 20i C, at 1min 0. 13+0. 16+ 0. 15 =0. 15 3 Also to back up my results I found out what the rate of reaction was for each temperature, using the averages calculated before. I did this by using the following formula: Rate of reaction = change in absorbency/change in time eg. 100i C, 4 minutes: 0. 53/4= 0. 1325 Skill C-Analysing Evidence And Drawing a Conclusion Graph Analysis: Average absorbency graph: Looking at this graph shows me the trends that occur in my results. The ability to draw a line of best fit showed that the points lie on a line of positive correlation. 80i C had the most pigment released after 7mind and with 20i C. The 20i C, 40i C and 60i C were all where I thought they should lie. 60i C released more than 40i C and that temperature released more than 20i C. Also the line of best fit showed that the amount of pigment released increased as time passed. Which is what I predicted. The reason for this is that more pigment is being released into the surroundings. at 20i C, 30i C, 40i C pigment is released at a steady rate and 60i C. 70i C and 80i C the speed of absorption has increased. This explains the steady absorbency as temp goes up. A reason for the pigment escaping could be that the proteins in the cell membrane could get denatured, meaning that the pigment can escape. Therefore at a higher temperature the cell wall becomes unstable quicker and denatured allowing pigment to escape into the water. The fact that heat is known to denature proteins could prove that is why the pigment escapes. The graph and table show that there is a greater absorbency margin as the temperature increases. This can be seen when comparing 40i C the rate of reaction decreased as the experiment went on. However with 2i C the rate of reaction actually increased as the experiment went on. This is surprising, as I would have thought that the rate would decrease as it did in most cases. E. g. for 80i C the rate fell from 0. 15 to 0. 078, and to show the large gap 60i. The rates of reactions were in the same order as the amount of pigment graphs, the 100i C rate is faster than the 80i C and there is the large gap between them and the lower temperatures. I expected the rate to decrease, as there would be less pressure inside the cell as the pigment escapes from the cell. This would mean that the pigment would not escape as fast because it isn’t getting pushed out as fast. Also the water potential either side of the cell wall will start to level out which would lower the rate of diffusion of the pigment. At first with all, but 2i C, the rate of reaction is very fast then it starts to slow down. This backs up my theory that the pressure gets less. Because as more pigment escapes out of the cell the less pressure which will slow the rate down. And as there will be lots of pigment at the start then there will be high pressure so the rate of reaction will very fast, as shown in the graph. Anomalous Results: When looking at the graph I can see that there are no anomalous results, which could indicate that the experiment was quite precise, but that does not mean that it is accurate. The readings I got might be along the same trend but that trend could miles off the actual value. This normally suggests that it is not down the human error but the equipment used is the cause for error. However if I look at the table of results I can see that there are two anomalous results that do not fit in with the trend. This could be down to human or experimental error. Skill D-Evaluating Evidence and Procedures Changes to The Experiment: The experiment was changed to make it easier to take results, by using a full test tube colorimeter with the beetroot on pins to make it quicker to pull out after the short time limit. There would be a increase of pigment released due to the pin being inserted to the beetroot but washing off the excess pigment in the water bath for 2mins beforehand will have reduced the error for this. Criticism of Apparatus: Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Patterns of Behaviour section.

Fedex Company Profile - 2085 Words

FEDERAL EXPRESS BRIEF BACKGROUND[1] Owned by Frederick W. Smith, the company was incorporated in June 1971 and officially began operations on April 17, 1973, with the launch of 14 small aircraft from Memphis International Airport. It soon entered its maturing phase in the first half of the 1980s and grown to become the largest operating company in the FedEx family, handling about 3.2 million packages and documents every business day. During the fiscal year 2006, it netted a revenue of $21.4 billion (includes FedEx Trade Networks) and is currently employing more than 139,000 employees worldwide, serving in more than 220 countries and territories and 375 airports worldwide. David Bronczek is the current President and CEO of the†¦show more content†¦In FedEx’s case, they were caught off guard by UPS when the latter usedits internally generated technology skills to offer e-tailers a multitude of shipping options and prices. Although both firms help customer better utilise information to track and ship inventory, UPS is pulling ahead of FedEx (Haddad amp; Ewing 2000). Rising fuel prices could also severely impact upon the company’s net income. PESTLE ANALYSIS POLITICAL This aspect of the external environment affects the company in the same way that the legal aspect affects it. Laws and regulations effected within the transportation and logistics industry are dependent on the political environment which formulates such laws and regulations. The contemporary political environment is shown supportive of such technological advances in the industry under discussion to the extent that it has given impetus to the growth that the industry is experiencing now. 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